MBIND(2) | Linux Programmer's Manual | MBIND(2) |
NAME
mbind - set memory policy for a memory rangeSYNOPSIS
#include <numaif.h>int mbind(void * addr , unsigned long len , int mode ,
unsigned long * nodemask , unsigned long maxnode ,
unsigned flags );
Link with -lnuma.
DESCRIPTION
mbind() sets the NUMA memory policy, which consists of a policy mode and zero or more nodes, for the memory range starting with addr and continuing for len bytes. The memory policy defines from which node memory is allocated.- MPOL_F_STATIC_NODES (since Linux-2.6.26)
- A nonempty nodemask specifies physical node ids. Linux does not remap the nodemask when the process moves to a different cpuset context, nor when the set of nodes allowed by the process's current cpuset context changes.
- MPOL_F_RELATIVE_NODES (since Linux-2.6.26)
- A nonempty nodemask specifies node ids that are relative to the set of node ids allowed by the process's current cpuset.
nodemask points to a bit mask of nodes containing up to maxnode bits. The bit mask size is rounded to the next multiple of sizeof(unsigned long), but the kernel will use bits only up to maxnode. A NULL value of nodemask or a maxnode value of zero specifies the empty set of nodes. If the value of maxnode is zero, the nodemask argument is ignored. Where a nodemask is required, it must contain at least one node that is on-line, allowed by the process's current cpuset context [unless the MPOL_F_STATIC_NODES mode flag is specified], and contains memory.
The MPOL_DEFAULT mode requests that any nondefault policy be removed, restoring default behavior. When applied to a range of memory via mbind(), this means to use the process policy, which may have been set with set_mempolicy(2). If the mode of the process policy is also MPOL_DEFAULT, the system-wide default policy will be used. The system-wide default policy allocates pages on the node of the CPU that triggers the allocation. For MPOL_DEFAULT, the nodemask and maxnode arguments must be specify the empty set of nodes.
The MPOL_BIND mode specifies a strict policy that restricts memory allocation to the nodes specified in nodemask. If nodemask specifies more than one node, page allocations will come from the node with the lowest numeric node ID first, until that node contains no free memory. Allocations will then come from the node with the next highest node ID specified in nodemask and so forth, until none of the specified nodes contain free memory. Pages will not be allocated from any node not specified in the nodemask.
The MPOL_INTERLEAVE mode specifies that page allocations be interleaved across the set of nodes specified in nodemask. This optimizes for bandwidth instead of latency by spreading out pages and memory accesses to those pages across multiple nodes. To be effective the memory area should be fairly large, at least 1MB or bigger with a fairly uniform access pattern. Accesses to a single page of the area will still be limited to the memory bandwidth of a single node.
MPOL_PREFERRED sets the preferred node for allocation. The kernel will try to allocate pages from this node first and fall back to other nodes if the preferred nodes is low on free memory. If nodemask specifies more than one node ID, the first node in the mask will be selected as the preferred node. If the nodemask and maxnode arguments specify the empty set, then the memory is allocated on the node of the CPU that triggered the allocation. This is the only way to specify "local allocation" for a range of memory via mbind().
If MPOL_MF_STRICT is passed in flags and mode is not MPOL_DEFAULT, then the call will fail with the error EIO if the existing pages in the memory range don't follow the policy.
If MPOL_MF_MOVE is specified in flags, then the kernel will attempt to move all the existing pages in the memory range so that they follow the policy. Pages that are shared with other processes will not be moved. If MPOL_MF_STRICT is also specified, then the call will fail with the error EIO if some pages could not be moved.
If MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL is passed in flags, then the kernel will attempt to move all existing pages in the memory range regardless of whether other processes use the pages. The calling process must be privileged ( CAP_SYS_NICE) to use this flag. If MPOL_MF_STRICT is also specified, then the call will fail with the error EIO if some pages could not be moved.
RETURN VALUE
On success, mbind() returns 0; on error, -1 is returned and errno is set to indicate the error.ERRORS
- EFAULT
- Part or all of the memory range specified by nodemask and maxnode points outside your accessible address space. Or, there was an unmapped hole in the specified memory range.
- EINVAL
- An invalid value was specified for flags or mode; or addr + len was less than addr; or addr is not a multiple of the system page size. Or, mode is MPOL_DEFAULT and nodemask specified a nonempty set; or mode is MPOL_BIND or MPOL_INTERLEAVE and nodemask is empty. Or, maxnode exceeds a kernel-imposed limit. Or, nodemask specifies one or more node IDs that are greater than the maximum supported node ID. Or, none of the node IDs specified by nodemask are on-line and allowed by the process's current cpuset context, or none of the specified nodes contain memory. Or, the mode argument specified both MPOL_F_STATIC_NODES and MPOL_F_RELATIVE_NODES.
- EIO
- MPOL_MF_STRICT was specified and an existing page was already on a node that does not follow the policy; or MPOL_MF_MOVE or MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL was specified and the kernel was unable to move all existing pages in the range.
- ENOMEM
- Insufficient kernel memory was available.
- EPERM
- The flags argument included the MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL flag and the caller does not have the CAP_SYS_NICE privilege.
VERSIONS
The mbind() system call was added to the Linux kernel in version 2.6.7.CONFORMING TO
This system call is Linux-specific.NOTES
For information on library support, see numa(7).SEE ALSO
get_mempolicy(2), getcpu(2), mmap(2), set_mempolicy(2), shmat(2), shmget(2), numa(3), cpuset(7), numa(7), numactl(8)COLOPHON
This page is part of release 3.53 of the Linux man-pages project. A description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.2008-08-15 | Linux |